Monday, November 4 marks Hockey Alberta’s recognition of Rule 11.4 in the Hockey Canada rulebook for on-ice discrimination AND Maltreatment Awareness Day. The following was written by Anton Joseph, EdD (Candidate), MBA, BSc. Anton is the chair of Hockey Alberta’s EDI Committee.
Maltreatment in hockey, whether in the form of abuse, harassment, or neglect, poses significant risks not only to the individuals directly involved but also to the sport as a whole. As hockey culture becomes more aware of mental health and player well-being, understanding why addressing maltreatment is essential becomes crucial for players, parents, coaches, and administrators. Ignoring maltreatment may perpetuate a cycle of harm that undermines trust, development, and safety within the sport.
Impact on Players’ Mental and Physical Health
Maltreatment can have severe psychological and physical impacts on young athletes, leading to long-term mental health challenges, diminished self-esteem, and increased anxiety. A study by Stirling and Kerr (2009) highlights the pervasive effects of emotional abuse in sports, showing that athletes who endure maltreatment may experience depression, anxiety, and a loss of enjoyment in the sport. The negative psychological effects can lead to burnout or the abandonment of a promising athletic career.
Failing to address maltreatment reinforces the idea that such behaviour is acceptable or unavoidable in competitive environments. Players who experience support and protection are more likely to thrive both in their athletic performance and overall development, fostering resilience and commitment to the sport.
The Role of Parents in Preventing Maltreatment
Parents are central to the protection and development of young athletes. Parental involvement provides an essential oversight role in their child’s athletic environment and reinforces a safe culture within the sport. According to Côté (1999), parents contribute significantly to shaping a young athlete’s motivations and values in sports. When parents recognise and respond to signs of maltreatment, they demonstrate to their children that their well-being is more important than athletic achievement, building trust and safeguarding the player’s mental health.
Ignoring maltreatment can inadvertently communicate to young athletes that such behaviour is permissible, affecting their understanding of healthy boundaries and self-worth. Therefore, parents must not turn a blind eye to maltreatment but instead should advocate for their children’s safety and work with coaches and administrators to address concerns.
Coaches Responsibility to Foster a Safe Culture
Coaches have a profound influence on players’ development and experience in hockey, making them uniquely responsible for preventing and addressing maltreatment. Coaches who actively support a positive, respectful environment contribute to players’ growth and performance. A study by Brackenridge (2001) highlights that coaches who ignore maltreatment inadvertently endorse abusive behaviours, creating a hostile environment that can become a breeding ground for ongoing abuse and harassment.
Taking action against maltreatment strengthens the trust between coaches and players, ultimately leading to a healthier, more productive athlete-coach relationship. By addressing harmful behaviours, coaches reinforce a culture of accountability and respect that benefits the entire team.
Administrators and the Enforcement of Anti-Maltreatment Policies
Administrators play a critical role in establishing policies and procedures that protect players from maltreatment. Implementing comprehensive anti-abuse policies and fostering an environment where athletes feel safe reporting issues are vital to upholding the sport’s integrity. Donnelly and Petherick (2004) argue that effective administrative oversight and clear policies are essential to address maltreatment concerns and create a culture of zero tolerance for abuse.
Turning a blind eye to maltreatment issues risks diminishing the reputation of the hockey program, driving away athletes and stakeholders who prioritise safety. Administrators who ensure robust policies and clear reporting mechanisms demonstrate a commitment to protecting young athletes and promoting hockey as a safe, supportive sport.
Long-term Effects on the Sport’s Reputation and Growth
Ignoring maltreatment has broader consequences for the future of hockey. When young players experience harm within the sport, it can lead to disillusionment and withdrawal, deterring others from participating in the future. As more attention is drawn to the treatment of athletes, sports organisations that are proactive in addressing these issues will be better positioned to attract new players, sponsors, and fans.
Creating a safe, inclusive, and supportive environment contributes to hockey’s positive reputation as a sport that values its players’ well-being. This environment encourages continued growth, participation, and respect for the sport at all levels, ensuring its future as a viable and respected athletic pursuit.
Addressing maltreatment in hockey is a responsibility shared by all stakeholders – players, parents, coaches, and administrators. By proactively addressing harmful behaviours, each person involved in the sport can foster a safe, supportive environment that enhances young athletes’ growth, health, and success. Maltreatment left unchecked not only damages individuals but also undermines the integrity of the sport. Hockey has an opportunity to lead by example, demonstrating that the safety and well-being of players come first.
● Brackenridge, C. H. (2001). Spoilsports: Understanding and preventing sexual exploitation in sport. Routledge.
● Côté, J. (1999). The influence of the family in the development of talent in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 13(4), 395-417. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.13.4.395
● Donnelly, P., & Petherick, L. (2004). Workers’ playtime? Child labour at the extremes of the sporting spectrum. Sport in Society, 7(3), 301-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743043042000291676
● Stirling, A. E., & Kerr, G. A. (2009). Abused athletes’ perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship. Sport in Society, 12(2), 227–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430802591019
Lifetime Achievement Award
Darren Gnam (Fairview) of the Fairview U15 Falcons has been named Hockey Alberta’s Coach of the Year. Gnam had a significant positive impact on his players, taking the time to teach them the skills necessary to become comfortable, capable and confident with their transition into body contact. Gnam structures practices to ensure everyone has fun while learning the skills of the game, which created an environment that kept athletes involved in the sport.
Official of the Year
Provincial Championship Exceptional Host Site Award
Order of Merit - Administration
Order of Merit - Administration
Order of Merit - Development
