A Collective Responsibility Addressing Maltreatment in Hockey

Monday, November 4 marks Hockey Alberta’s recognition of Rule 11.4 in the Hockey Canada rulebook for on-ice discrimination AND Maltreatment Awareness Day. The following was written by Anton Joseph, EdD (Candidate), MBA, BSc. Anton is the chair of Hockey Alberta’s EDI Committee.

Maltreatment in hockey, whether in the form of abuse, harassment, or neglect, poses significant risks not only to the individuals directly involved but also to the sport as a whole. As hockey culture becomes more aware of mental health and player well-being, understanding why addressing maltreatment is essential becomes crucial for players, parents, coaches, and administrators. Ignoring maltreatment may perpetuate a cycle of harm that undermines trust, development, and safety within the sport.

Impact on Players’ Mental and Physical Health

Maltreatment can have severe psychological and physical impacts on young athletes, leading to long-term mental health challenges, diminished self-esteem, and increased anxiety. A study by Stirling and Kerr (2009) highlights the pervasive effects of emotional abuse in sports, showing that athletes who endure maltreatment may experience depression, anxiety, and a loss of enjoyment in the sport. The negative psychological effects can lead to burnout or the abandonment of a promising athletic career.

Failing to address maltreatment reinforces the idea that such behaviour is acceptable or unavoidable in competitive environments. Players who experience support and protection are more likely to thrive both in their athletic performance and overall development, fostering resilience and commitment to the sport.

The Role of Parents in Preventing Maltreatment

Parents are central to the protection and development of young athletes. Parental involvement provides an essential oversight role in their child’s athletic environment and reinforces a safe culture within the sport. According to Côté (1999), parents contribute significantly to shaping a young athlete’s motivations and values in sports. When parents recognise and respond to signs of maltreatment, they demonstrate to their children that their well-being is more important than athletic achievement, building trust and safeguarding the player’s mental health.

Ignoring maltreatment can inadvertently communicate to young athletes that such behaviour is permissible, affecting their understanding of healthy boundaries and self-worth. Therefore, parents must not turn a blind eye to maltreatment but instead should advocate for their children’s safety and work with coaches and administrators to address concerns.

Coaches Responsibility to Foster a Safe Culture

Coaches have a profound influence on players’ development and experience in hockey, making them uniquely responsible for preventing and addressing maltreatment. Coaches who actively support a positive, respectful environment contribute to players’ growth and performance. A study by Brackenridge (2001) highlights that coaches who ignore maltreatment inadvertently endorse abusive behaviours, creating a hostile environment that can become a breeding ground for ongoing abuse and harassment.

Taking action against maltreatment strengthens the trust between coaches and players, ultimately leading to a healthier, more productive athlete-coach relationship. By addressing harmful behaviours, coaches reinforce a culture of accountability and respect that benefits the entire team.

Administrators and the Enforcement of Anti-Maltreatment Policies

Administrators play a critical role in establishing policies and procedures that protect players from maltreatment. Implementing comprehensive anti-abuse policies and fostering an environment where athletes feel safe reporting issues are vital to upholding the sport’s integrity. Donnelly and Petherick (2004) argue that effective administrative oversight and clear policies are essential to address maltreatment concerns and create a culture of zero tolerance for abuse.

Turning a blind eye to maltreatment issues risks diminishing the reputation of the hockey program, driving away athletes and stakeholders who prioritise safety. Administrators who ensure robust policies and clear reporting mechanisms demonstrate a commitment to protecting young athletes and promoting hockey as a safe, supportive sport.

Long-term Effects on the Sport’s Reputation and Growth

Ignoring maltreatment has broader consequences for the future of hockey. When young players experience harm within the sport, it can lead to disillusionment and withdrawal, deterring others from participating in the future. As more attention is drawn to the treatment of athletes, sports organisations that are proactive in addressing these issues will be better positioned to attract new players, sponsors, and fans.

Creating a safe, inclusive, and supportive environment contributes to hockey’s positive reputation as a sport that values its players’ well-being. This environment encourages continued growth, participation, and respect for the sport at all levels, ensuring its future as a viable and respected athletic pursuit.

Addressing maltreatment in hockey is a responsibility shared by all stakeholders – players, parents, coaches, and administrators. By proactively addressing harmful behaviours, each person involved in the sport can foster a safe, supportive environment that enhances young athletes’ growth, health, and success. Maltreatment left unchecked not only damages individuals but also undermines the integrity of the sport. Hockey has an opportunity to lead by example, demonstrating that the safety and well-being of players come first.

During the 117th Annual General Meeting, three candidates were elected to Hockey Alberta’s Board of Directors.

Incumbents Bill Gourley and Karen Lee are joined by Zahra Nurani all of Calgary were elected to the three-year term by the member organizations in attendance at the AGM, which was held virtually on November 28.

Short videos for the newly-elected directors can be found on the Hockey Alberta website. They join returning directors Allan Mowbray, Francois Gagnon, Michael Bates, Al-Amin Vira, Danielle Paradis, and Len Samletzki (Chair).

Additionally, the 2024 AGM included two Notices of Motion that were passed unanimously to amend Bylaws 1.7(f) and 5.1(a), (b), (c).

The amended bylaws implement term limits for all directors, and replace election of the chair position by the members with the Chair being appointed by the elected directors.

2024 AGM >

RED DEER - Hockey Alberta is now accepting coach applications for the 2025 Team Alberta programs.

Team Alberta U18 Female is looking fora Head Coach, two Assistant Coaches, one Video Coach, and one Goaltender Coach to guide the team at the 2025 National Women’s Under-18 Championship. The event takes place in November at a location that will be determined later.

U18 FEMALE COACH APPLICATION >

Team Alberta U16 Male is seeking a Head Coach, two Assistant Coaches and one Video Coach for the 2025 WHL Cup. The WHL Cup is slated for October 2025.

U16 MALE COACH APPLICATION >

Applicants must:

- Be qualified at the NCCP High Performance 1;

- Be in good standing with Hockey Alberta and/or member Branch;

- Have a strong knowledge base and understanding of systems and strategies.

The deadline for all applications is January 6, 2025.

Inquiries can be directed to Mike Kraichy, Manager, High Performance at [email protected].

It is a milestone in the world of hockey officiating.

For Chiara Knowlton, officiating hockey was just part of growing up. “It’s a family affair,” she says. Chiara started officiating at age 11, while her mom, Shelley, has officiated for over 27 years, with Chiara following suit. “We all tried it at least once, and I just really loved it.” Chiara recalls. Years later, the pair became the first mother-daughter duo to officiate a U SPORTS Canada West game on October 25, 2024.

Shelley’s journey began in St. Albert, where she played hockey as one of the few girls in the league. After years of complaining about bad calls, a referee challenged her to take a clinic. “I did, and I never looked back,” Shelley says. She soon got her kids involved, bringing them to referee ice sessions when they were young. “They were immersed early on.” Shelley says.

For Chiara, the realization of the milestone hit her during the anthem. “That’s when it really sank in — we’re doing this now.” Shelley had a similar moment pre-game while at Clare Drake Arena that night. As they stepped onto the ice, she let Chiara go first for their lap and thought, “She’s arrived.” The two of them joke that Chiara is Shelley’s “succession plan”, and while Shelley couldn’t be prouder, she declares, “She’s faster than me now. I won’t admit it, but I’m a little worried. She’s coming for my job!”

All three of Shelley’s children started refereeing around the age of 11, but Chiara is making the game even more enjoyable for both mother and daughter. “When I work with her, it’s really fun because I don’t have to worry about watching her. I trust that she’s going to do the right thing,” Shelley says. However, for Chiara, it can be more challenging, as Shelley holds her children to a higher standard. “I hold my kids to a little bit higher standard than I would hold other officials, but I think that’s just me trying to make sure that they’re doing a really, really good job,” Shelley explains.

As the presence of female officials continues to grow in hockey, the Knowltons’ story is bound to inspire the next generation. Chiara’s advice for young officials is simple: “Don’t get discouraged.” Even when faced with challenging situations, “you can overcome every obstacle. You just have to persevere and learn new tricks to stay focused in the big moments.”

Shelley agrees, noting, “Female hockey is the fastest-growing demographic, and there are so many opportunities for young female officials.” She encourages those thinking about officiating to take the leap. “It’s never too late. There’s always a place in hockey to officiate.”

For anyone interested in starting their officiating journey, Hockey Alberta offers programs to help get anyone involved and develop in the role. Whether you’re just beginning or looking to advance, there are pathways to grow and thrive in the officiating world.

QUISPAMSIS – Team Alberta U18 Female competed in the National Women’s U18 Championship from November 3-9 in Quispamsis, NB, finishing in sixth place.

Team Alberta faced adversity to begin the tournament, losing their opener 8-2 to the eventual gold medalist Ontario Red. Tayla Lamabe (Sherwood Park) and captain Sade Sandilands (Carstairs) scored the goals for Team Alberta.

Following the loss to start the tournament, Team Alberta bounced back, defeating Team Atlantic 4-3, scoring four consecutive goals in a come-from-behind victory. Ella Lloyd (Ardrossan) and Emelia McDermid (Airdrie) turned in two-point performances with one goal and one assist. Daniella Martorana (Edmonton) also pitched in with two assists. Goaltender Taya Christie (Medicine Hat) made 20 saves in the Alberta win.

In the final game of the preliminary round, Team Alberta lost to Team Saskatchewan 5-2. Alberta got goals from Presley Zinger (Red Deer) and Brooklyn Deck (Chestermere), and the helpers for both Team Alberta goals came from Paige Smith (Gibbons). Alberta finished third in Group A with a win and two losses, setting up a quarterfinal game against Team BC (1-1-1), who finished second in Group B.

Team Alberta then fell 6-1 in their quarterfinal game to the eventual bronze medalist Team BC. Alberta failed to keep up with BC’s scoring, allowing four unanswered goals following the first period. Alberta’s lone goal came from Smith late in the first. The quarterfinal loss put Alberta in the fifth-place game against Ontario Blue, where they ran into a hot goaltender and could not find the back of the net, losing 2-0.

Smith and McDermid led Alberta in scoring, scoring three points each in five games. Lamabe was Alberta’s lone multi-goal scorer, finishing the tournament with two goals. Alyssa Barrette (Calgary) and Christie shared the net throughout the tournament, each appearing in two complete games and splitting duties in the final contest. Barrette finished with a 4.80 goals-against-average and a .818 save percentage. Christie finished with a 4.50 goals-against-average and a .836 save percentage.

You can view the entire schedule from the tournament here.

Hockey Alberta is hosting female-only coach clinics in Edmonton for the 2024-25 season.

There are two clinics available for the season. Intro to Checking Principles on November 12 at the South Side Athletic Club Office, and Coach 2 is scheduled for November 17 at the Downtown Community Arena. Registration for these courses is now available below.

CHECKING PRINCIPLES – NOVEMBER 12 >

COACH 2 – NOVEMBER 17 >

Female-only coach clinics provide an inclusive environment to all female to learn the game and become certified in the necessary clinics.

For questions and information on the upcoming clinics, please contact Danielle Wheeler, Manager, Female Development at [email protected].